when to prune

Hey there, this is my first time attempting to work on a Hornbeam, I just couldn't pass up on this one in the bargain bin at the nursury... only $20 with my gardener discount! It had been slammed by a tractor and the leader was cut just below the current foliage you see here, hoping that will...

So, I have been reading and re-reading Vance Woods article/write-up on mugos, and I have a question, that, by my reading, is not directly addressed in this otherwise absolutely excellent piece. I bought two mugo-pines, nursery stock, of the variety 'Varella' (according to the nursery), last...