Agreed, to add to Mike's list, any species of elm naturalized into the landscape will work well. Siberian elm needs (must have) more sun, red or slippery elm tolerates more shade than most elms. Most elms are 3/4 to full sun trees.
Fruit trees, most genus Prunus members, plums & cherries, work well as larger specimens, over a meter tall. They can work as very small abstract shohin size, but for tree like images, go big is easier. Prunus tend to be disease prone, be up on your plant pathology. Spring flowers on plums and cherries can't be beat.
Apples, and crab apples are largely European in origin, but many have naturalized. All make good bonsai, any size. One or two species of crab are native to USA.
Persimmon, Diospyros virginiana makes good bonsai, more winter hardy than the Asian princess persimmon species.
You can explore your local native oaks, these are a challenge, due to large leaves and tendency to coarse branches, but one can develop fine branch work with time. Well worth the effort to learn. I suggest bur oak for it has the most coarse, rugged bark of USA native oaks. It also has largest leaves on young trees. But I have gotten leaves under 1 inch, which is moving into acceptable range for bonsai. Yes, Burr oak with leaves less than 1 inch. Then I repotted, got more big leaves. Still working on one. Not ready for a "big reveal" yet. See what you can do.