You listed the following trees:
As far as total Trees I have indoors, the species are
Azaleas, dwarf black olive, Brazilian rain tree, Chinese Elm, Chinese Sweet Plum, Dwarf Barbados Cherry, Dwarf Jade, Ficus Too Little, Serissa Foetidae, and Surinam Cherry
Of them, the dwarf black olive - genus Bucida, is the most tropical of the list. They really don't like temps below 50 F or +10 C. Much cooler and they shed all their foliage. A freeze can be fatal. It will probably be fine, drop some or all its foliage, it will then sit semi-dormant until it decides it is consistently warm enough that it is safe to grow again. Don't panic, it should send out new leaves. Even if it takes until January, don't worry. Bucida has some capacity to survive in wet-dry monsoon type tropics, so they can sit semi-dormant for several months without a problem. It will grow when it is ready to. The cold told it that it was time to take a break.
Brazilian Rain Tree, Ficus & Portulacaria (mini jade) - all come from wet dry tropics. - when it gets cold at night, it means the sky is clear, no clouds, which is a signal the dry season is coming. These species will normally drop a fair number of leaves as it cools in the Chicago area. No big deal, they all are opportunistic, in that if you water them, they will keep growing. They will replace a good part of their foliage, but keep growing as long as you keep watering them all winter.
Azalea - these are more or less temperate to subtropical shrubs, not tropical at all. In Autumn it is normal to loose all of the interior leaves. They will ride out the winter looking like plucked chickens with tufts of foliage at the ends of twigs and few or no leaves along interior branches. No big deal, perfectly normal. I would leave these get a touch of frost outside, maybe to 28 F, then bring them in. They will like a cooler growing area, 80 F is a bit on the warm side for their winter dormancy. But they do grow Satsuki azaleas in Hawaii, so just see how they do for you this year. In the future I would try to find a cooler location to winter them. I keep mine in an unheated well house, that hovers between 32 F and 40 F, and has zero light for the winter. If you get temperatures below 40 F (+4 C) metabolism is slow enough that light is not necessary. A healthy azalea will have no trouble with dark cold storage. Yeah, yeah, I know there are the ones that insist you need light on conifers and broadleaf evergreens even at temperatures below 40 F, and technically there is a very small amount of metabolism between 32 F and 40 F, but guess what? Over 40 years of doing bonsai, the years I had lights in the well house, I had no noticeable improvement with growth. In addition, when lights were added, I sometimes had problems with trees waking up weeks earlier than safe to put outside because of the extra heat from the lights. My Satsuki azaleas are "good enough" with a winter in the dark, cold well house.
Azalea don't have to winter at temperatures below 40 F, often temps as mild as anything below 60 F at night is good enough. This is why they can be grown in middle elevations in Hawaii. 50's at night are good enough. But when you winter them above 40 F (+4 C) you must have lights. At temps above 40 F, metabolism is active enough that light is necessary. They won't grow much during dormancy, but at temps above 40 F, they need the light to make the sugars to keep themselves healthy.
Chinese sweet plum - I never could keep one alive, so I can't tell you anything about them.