Most likely both the winter over area and the copper / etc treatment.
Most Junipers I can think of in your area shouldn’t need much protection. Placing these mulched on the ground in an area sheltered from the prevailing winds/strong sunlight is good, yet there should be decent airflow/light for the tree otherwise.
Can’t think of a tree I don’t spray with copper twice or more during the winter, especially junipers, who are known to glom onto cedar apple rust. That said nana, especially have a certain amount of older foliage die back… not as much as yours though.
Here’s an example…a section of a juniper tree that was taken out of the pot after winter a couple months ago and put into the ground to strengthen/grow out. It was sprayed the past three winters.
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cheers
DSD sends