Also, trees crowded together will grow more slowly than trees in individual pots.
Not necessarily, some plants grow more vigorous in the viscinity of others. These are often caused by neigbor cues, foliage touching, or even signalling through the air.
Competition can make plants grow faster, but.. The drawback is that only the winner gets the most prized resources and the rest usually gets behind by a lot.
I grow plants in pots by the pair for that reason. At the end of a season, there's a 5-20% difference in mass and height. A comparative test I did, showed that single growing plants have a 50% chance of being a little larger, but another 50% of being way smaller. It's hard to make use of that in a practical sense, and hard to pinpoint which factors affect it the most. But it's just not always that plants grow poorer or slower when crowded. Look at any freshly created open forest spot, it's crowded in the first years, until one of the faster growers outcompetes the rest. When it's not crowded, plants tend to take their time, there's no hurry, no need to get bigger and taller to beat the rest for sunlight. If that's the growth we want.. I don't know. It tends to be leggy.
Fun fact:
In agriculture, people are trying to figure out how to get rid of that effect, by breeding plants that don't compete but act as a community instead. Sharing resources and not competing for it. This ensures equal growth and more reliable mechanical harvesting.