Just in their first grow season after germinatig
Yup. First year elm leaves of many species are opposite, which throws off lots of people trying to id saplings. The branches that emerge in spring are alternate.
A similar but more dramatic thing happens in many Eucalyptus species. The juvenile foliage is round and opposite and very different from the willow-like mature foliage.
A hard prune (e.g. by the overzealous electric company) induces juvenile foliage again, which leads many people to wonder what the heck happened to their tree.