Couple notes.....
For something so prolifically invasive, I wouldn't limit yourself to spring.
Here, where our forests are footed in mostly clay, they exist almost solely within the first 3-8inches of forest duff topsoil. At ditches and river edges you can lift up mats of entangled root mass and see they refuse to penetrate the clay. You can near read the timeline of their introduction.
This refusal to penetrate the clay keeps them shallow, but it is also what allows for a suckering habit than leaves most trunks rootless, though they may seem rooty at first, the thick, stiff, black masses of roots in these mats are decieving.
Look for "mothers", O.G.'s, seedlings.
Buckthorn is the only tree I've found capable of wilting in full sun even when well watered. This is key. All my failures where due to this phenomenon.
Everywhere I see them, they are the first to wilt in a drought. A testament to their shallowness. Tough as nails, this growth rarely dies, it all spruces up again, sometimes with only a dewy night.
So...
I think it better to collect them with lots of foilage on hardened shoots in late summer, than a budless trunk in spring.
Because they live so intertwined (read, communicating) I think they struggle to rebalance themselves when alone. I think this, combined with their need for shade (read, less food) makes this so.
The move from nature to pot with an invasive "understory" shrub, I believe can be mathematically calculated as one of the most difficult bonsai adventures. Except, as soon as you know it, it becomes one of the easiest.
I've witnessed survival enough before recognizing this problem to be sure they can be be collected from Frozen February to Leafy September.... whenever. Just don't expect roots to grow shoots or shoots to grow roots. Collect as much of both as you can.
did a trunk chop last fall
Sounds like it may be best allow a few seasons of growth before digging it.
Pics!
Sorce