@PABonsai ,
the soil recommended in the past was a LOAM.
Today it is a variation of a loam particle size.
Broken Volcanic stone, sand and clay.
The other variation is Hydroponics
Gravels
All we [ here in Trinidad ] did was add back in a % of aged compost.
To include the microbes.
Nothing really new, as all of these blends are already
available in nature.
Tools can had from China - concave pruner for example - Amazon
12 to 8 $ and the concave pruner even at 8 inches in length is
only for cutting toothpick sized branchlets.
As to pots.
Ask
@sorce , to make moulds of the plastic pots and he
can pour pots by the dozens daily.
The only cost factor in Bonsai is if you feel you have no
time to grow large trunks and learn to Design.
Most resist ground growing and taking a few art classes.
Good Day
Anthony -Lord of the practical and cheap.
*** Masakuni 6 inch concave pruner 1980's 19.95 US $