It must get just cold enough here, because the leaves change color in fall and fall off, then new growth begins in March. Mine have been through 2 "winters" so far with good results so far.
I thought if the OP can keep it outside until leaf fall, then put it in a basement window, that might be even colder than what I get here in the dead of winter. I grew up in the Midwest and we had basements. I remember the window wells in the basement being very cold. It's worth a try, since the OP doesn't want to bury the pot or mulch over it.
Maybe the OP should just plant it in the yard and let it be a full tree, as a lasting gift from his daughter that they grew from seed.
Either way, you're still right. He should look into something appropriate for what he wants, which is a tree in his kitchen window.