I disagree with several of the above comments.
Japanese black pine is NOT as winter hardy as Japanese five-needle pine. Look where they occur naturally in Japan. Japanese black pine is near the sea. Japanese five-needle pines are from the mountains. The seaside is much warmer than the mountains. Just this past winter two of my most skilled and accomplished students lost all their Japanese black pine, overwintered in their garages, the same way as in the past 20 some years.
I have found Scots pine to be quite similar in feeling as the Japanese pine species and is much more winter hardy, and that's of paramount importance when you live in frigid areas of our country. A few of my Scots pine are quite spectacular, and truth be told I could easily give up Japanese black pine and concentrate on Scots pines.
I've been throughout Japan and also visited several cities in China. There are more bonsai in China, not Japan. You can't really make that statement unless you have actually been there, really. Also, I think it would be a toss up between Japanese five-needle pine and Japanese black pine as the most popular in Japan, probably Japanese five-needle pine is most abundant.
Many of the most common Japanese bonsai training techniques were first discovered using Japanese five-needle pine. Then the popularity of Japanese black pine increased and specialists who lived near the sea, where these pines are native to used them to create bonsai commercially. They experimented and found the Japanese black pine to be quite responsive. Saichi Suzuki was THE pine master in Japan, although he is most famous for introducing Zuisho Japanese five-needle pine.
I find it amusing that so many people on the internet make comments on bonsai in Japan who have never actually been there to see what is happening.
Attached are a couple of my Scots pines, all container grown, never been in the ground, and only occasionally placed on the ground temporarily. The formal upright Scots pine is shown in May 2006, May 2013 and May 2014. Now, the last photo does not do the tree justice. It was pinched to control the new growth for display in the US National Bonsai Exhibition. It looks superb. If you want to see it you can visit the Midwest Bonsai Show next weekend in Chicago, or even better, come to Rochester, NY on September 13-14th to see it, PLUS over 200 of the finest bonsai in the United States. Yes, there will be many Japanese black pines and numerous other species and cultivars as well. Or you can purchase the forthcoming 4th US National Bonsai Exhibition Commemorative Album.
Bill