Hi King Kong,
Although this thread went in an unwanted direction, This is what I can say about France:
Most clubs belong to the "FFB", Fedération Française de Bonsaï (French Bonsai Federation).
This structure organises "exams" for the certification of 3 levels (N1, N2, and the top one, N3)
These exams are based on the presentation of a certain number of trees that are examined and critiqued by a jury composed of "N3" instructors. There are also trees that have to be worked on, and a questionaire about dendrology/botanics/techniques/etc.
This sounds very hierarchical, but it yielded very interesting results: it's a way of having more and more people that can form others, animate workshop, and teach the right techniques. It is also a support for the potential groups of people willing to work locally in a club, it provides guidelines on techniques and so on.
This developement enabled people to get more into the "knowledge" of bonsai, first by going to places like Japan to study with professionals, then to re-import what they had learned: I've just donr a workshop with Marc Noelanders, and he does know a lot, I can tell you.
Having such a structure is also of great help to have contacts with bonsai artists/craftsmen from abroad, from Germany, Belgium or Italy, to Japan (MM. Suzuki, Ando,...) and even the US (Michael Persiano,...).
All these people know what they are talking about, and of course, each one has his personal approach. Thus, anyone interested in bonsai has a lot of opportunities to better themselves.
This hierarchical structure is not a prison: it's just a help in the basics, and of course, we do have heated debates on our forums about exactly the same topics as you can have here, and there are in fact several "schools", sometimes leading to somewhat childish feuds between them.
Anbd not all clubs belong to the "FFB": in my town for instance, there are two clubs, the other one also organises an annual exhibition, and they do have some very nice material on display each time.
All in all, what I can see is that bonsai is alive and well in Europe, and a question such as "where did it start first outside Japan" is of very little importance to me, as well as "what country is the leader at the present time": who cares really, as long as we can share what we consider a form of beauty...
But for France, I think that this national structure did an awful lot to improve the quality of bonsai.
I've just put some photos of recent local exhibitions on our web site, feel free to visit them, you will see that some of the trees are quite nice, and if not for some species that are not found here or there (no pemphis acidula, sorry), they are the sign that more than arguing about the sex of angels, we should see what we have in common:
http://rdb45.fr/galerie.html
And when I see the very nice slideshow of the BSGC (
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bonsaihiker/sets/72157607820551402/show/), well, not only do I wonder why some Americans are so paranoid about the place they hold in the world of bonsai, but actually, even for the "new talent contest", it is so similar to what we have here...
